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Listerióza a toxoplazmóza sú dve ochorenia, ktoré počas tehotenstva môžu spôsobiť vážne následky na zdraví dieťaťa. Imunitný systém ženy je však v tomto období náchylnejší na ochorenia práve tohto typu.

Listéria je baktéria, ktorá sa nachádza v jedle, ale aj hocikde okolo nás. Spôsobuje zriedkavé ale vážne ochorenie, špeciálne u ľudí s oslabeným imunitným systémom a tehotných žien a môže sa skončiť aj smrťou pacienta. Mnohí ľudia sa môžu jedlom kontaminovaným listériou nakaziť, nie u všetkých sa však vyvinie listerióza. Príznaky nakazenia sú podobné ako pri akejkoľvek konzumácii kontaminovaných potravín- hnačka, vracanie, kŕče, zvýšená teplota.

Hormonálne zmeny počas tehotenstva majú efekt na imunitný systém ženy a tie sú náchylnejšie na získanie infekcie až dvadsať krát viac ako iný zdravý dospelý jedinec. Listerióza sa môže na dieťa preniesť prostredníctvom placenty dokonca aj ak matka nepociťuje žiadne príznaky ochorenia. Ak dôjde k nákaze v prvých troch mesiacoch tehotenstva, môže nastať až potrat, ktorému niekoľko dní predchádza stav podobný chrípkovému ochoreniu. Nakazenie v neskoršom štádiu tehotenstva môže mať za následok vážne zdravotné ohrozenie plodu.

Čomu by sa teda mali ženy vyhýbať? Baktéria sa ničí pri vysokých teplotách, preto sa treba vyhýbať nedostatočne tepelne upraveným pokrmom, uprednostňovať pasterizované výrobky, dbať na dostatočnú tepelnú úpravu mäsa a vyhýbať sa údeninám.

Ďalšou hrozbou pre budúce mamičky je toxoplazmóza- ochorenie prenášané parazitmi najmä prostredníctvom surového mäsa alebo nedostatočne hygienicky spracovaných potravín. Často sa prenos uskutočňuje aj prostredníctvom výkalov mačiek, ktoré sú nositeľom parazitov. Toxoplazmóza sa nemusí prejaviť nijakými výraznými príznakmi alebo prípadne podobnými aké sa uvádzajú pri listerióze. Deti, ktoré sa narodia s týmto ochorením, môžu mať neskôr vážne poškodenie zraku, mozgu, či pečene. Aj v tomto prípade platí vyhýbať sa nedostatočne tepelne spracovaným potravinám, dodržiavať hygienu pri práci v kuchyni, v zvýšenej miere dbať na čistotu ovocia a zeleniny a počas obdobia tehotenstva sa vyhýbať kontaktu s mačkami.

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